RETRACTION OR CORRECTIONS

Retraction/Withdrawal by Authors

Authors are strongly discouraged from withdrawing a manuscript once it has entered the editorial process (e.g., peer review, layout editing, etc.), as doing so may cause loss of time and effort for the editorial team. If an author insists on withdrawing a manuscript during the editorial stage, they will be required to compensate for the work already done by the editorial team.

If the author requests a correction after the article has been published—for example, to amend an author’s name or affiliation—this can be processed without any compensation.

Any formal request must be submitted via email addressed to the Editor-in-Chief, using the same email address as previously used for correspondence.

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Retraction and Correction by Editors

The editor will consider retracting a publication if:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable due to data fabrication, miscalculation, or faulty analysis;

• The findings have been previously published elsewhere;

• There is proven evidence of plagiarism;

• There is an ethical violation in the conduct of the work.

The editor will consider issuing a correction if:

• There is a minor error in the publication that could mislead readers;

• There is an error in the authorship or contributor list.

This policy adheres to the guidelines set forth by COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics).